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Australia APUA-Australia was established in1988 with the support of both the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology and the Antimicrobials Special Interest Group. There are 63 members, comprised of medical, laboratory and pharmacy personnel. Most are public hospital based although some are from private laboratories. Many of the hospital appointees also have university affiliations. In Australia, the Therapeutic Goods Administration, the equivalent of the US FDA, and its advisory body Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) control licensing of antibiotics. The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme controls antibiotic availability by cost subsidy and Hospital Drug committees control their availability in hospitals. The most important bacterial resistance in Australia are MRSA (both nosocomial and community variants), multi-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative bacteria. This common sense approach to the continuing dilemmas of antibiotic use and microbial resistance has now been in publication for 25 years. 2003 updated therapeutic guidelines on antibiotics Upcoming International Chapter Events

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