NUTRITIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON THE EYE
1999, CRC Press
Edited by Allen Taylor

Table of Contents

Chapter 1
Lens and Retina Function: Introduction and Challenge ...................1
Allen Taylor

Chapter 2
Oxygen Radicals in the Pathogenesis of Cataracts -
Possibilities for Therapeutic Intervention .........................................5
Shambhu D. Varma, Palaniyandi S. Devamanoharan, and
Ali H. Ali

Chapter 3
Function of the Lens and Methods of Quantifying Cataract ............25
Leo T. Chylack, Jr.

Chapter 4
Nutritional and Environmental Influences on Risk for Cataract........53
Allen Taylor

Chapter 5
Evaluation of Epidemiologic Studies of Nutrition and Cataract........95
William G. Christen

Chapter 6
Animal Studies on Cataract ..........................................................105
George Edwin Bunce

Chapter 7
Evaluation of Anticataract Reagents .............................................117
John C. Clark and Toshihiko Hiraoka

Chapter 8
Light and Risk for Age-related Eye Diseases ................................135
Cathy McCarty and Hugh R. Taylor

Chapter 9
Smoking and the Risk of Eye Diseases .........................................151
Sheila K. West

Chapter 10
Grading of Age-related Maculopathy and Age-related
Macular Degeneration ...................................................................165
Moshe Lahav

Chapter 11
Diet and Age-related Macular Degeneration ..................................181
Julie A. Mares-Perlman and Ronald Klein

Chapter 12
The Carotenoids of the Human Retina ..........................................215
Wolfgang Schalch, Pierrette Dayhaw-Barker, and
Felix M. Barker, II

Chapter 13
In Vivo Psychophysical Assessment of Nutritional
and Environmental Influences on Human Ocular
Tissues: Lens and Macular Pigment ..............................................251

Index

AMINOPEPTIDASES
1996, RG Landes Company
by Allen Taylor

Table of Contents

Chapter 1
Aminopeptidases, Occurrence, Regulation and Nomenclature .............1
Allen Taylor

Introduction
Nomenclature
Physiological Function and Uses
Biochemical and Industrial Uses for Aminopeptidases
Regulation of Expression
Summary and Conclusions

Chapter 2
Structure and Function of Bovine Lens Aminopeptidase
and Comparison with Homologous Aminopeptidases .........................21
Allen Taylor, David Sanford and Thomas Nowell

Introduction
Composition and Structure
Inhibitor Binding Site
Metal Ions in Structure and Catalysis
Mechanism of Action
Homologies
Expression
Remaining Mysteries and Conclusions

Chapter 3
Metallobiochemistry of Aminopeptidases ...........................................69
Harold E. Van Wart

Introduction
Classification by Metal Center
The M1 Family of One-Zinc APs
The Two-Zinc Class of APs
The M24 Family of Methionyl APs
Conclusions

Chapter 4
Methionine Aminopeptidase: Structure and Function .........................91
Ralph A. Bradshaw and Stuart M. Arfin

Introduction
Cotranslational Processing of Eukaryotic Proteins
Prokaryotic and Yeast MetAP
Higher Eukaryotic MetAPs
Relationship of Human MetAP to Other Proteins
Two Families of MetAPs
Summary and Future Prospective

Chapter 5
Genetic and Biochemical Analysis of Yeast Aminopeptidases ...........107
Yie-Hwa Chang

Cytosolic Nonspecific Aminopeptidases
Yeast Vacuolar Aminopeptidases
Methionine Aminopeptidases (MetAPs)
Concluding Remarks

Chapter 6
Alternate Functions for Aminopeptidases:
Hydrolysis of Leukotriene A₄ ............................................................129
FA Fitzpatrick and Lars Orning

Lipid Mediator Biosynthesis by an Aminopeptidase Enzyme
Leukotrienes: Convergence of Lipid and Peptide Enzymology
Enzymology of LTB4 Formation
cDNA Cloning of LTA4 Hydrolase
Recognizing an Aminopeptidase
The Zinc Content and Catalytic Traits of LTA4 Hydrolase
Pharmacological Inhibitors of Aminopeptidase/LTA4 Hydrolase
Peptide Substrates for Aminopeptidase/LTA4 Hydrolase
Constitutive Regulation of Aminopeptidase E.C.3.3.2.6 by LTA4 Hydrolysis
Summary: Past and Future

Chapter 7
Physiological Roles of Ectoenzymes Indicated by the Use of
Aminopeptidase Inhibitors ................................................................155
Takaaki Aoyagi

Introduction
Membrane Aminopeptidases
Aminopeptidases in Mammalian Serum and Organs
Aminopeptidase Inhibitors
Role of Ectoenzymes and their Inhibitors in Pathologic Conditions
Pharmacologic Applications of Enzyme Inhibitors
Summary

Chapter 8
Plant Aminopeptidases: Occurrence, Function
and Characterization ........................................................................173
Linda L. Walling and Yong-Qiang Gu

Introduction
Classification of Plant Aminopeptidases
Neutral Aminopeptidases
Alkaline Aminopeptidases
Plant Leucine Aminopeptidases
Plant Cathepsin H Homologs
Role of Plant Aminopeptidases in Plant Development
Seed Germination
Seed and Fruit Maturation
Seedling Growth and Development
Flower Development
Role of Aminopeptidases in Host-Pathogen Interactions
Plant Aminopeptidases in Response to Abiotic Stress
Future Directions

Index ................................................................................................219